Definition: An API gateway is a single entry point that sits in front of backend services and handles request routing, authentication, rate limiting, request transformation and monitoring for client applications.
Clients call the gateway instead of individual services. The gateway checks credentials such as OAuth tokens or API keys, applies quotas, routes each request to the right service and may combine responses. Examples include Amazon API Gateway, Azure API Management, Kong and Apigee.
It centralizes cross-cutting concerns so each service does not reimplement security and throttling, simplifies clients in a microservices setup, and gives one place to version and retire APIs.
An LLM gateway applies the same idea to model providers. API gateways also matter when exposing internal systems to AI agents, since they enforce what an agent is allowed to call. Rate limits and scoped credentials at the gateway help contain an agent that misbehaves.
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