Definition: Prompt injection is an attack in which text crafted by an attacker, typed directly or hidden in content the model reads, overrides an AI system's instructions and makes it reveal data or take unintended actions.
Direct injection comes from a user typing instructions such as "ignore your previous instructions". Indirect injection hides instructions in web pages, emails, documents or tool results that an application passes to the model. OWASP lists prompt injection first in its Top 10 for LLM Applications.
Language models do not reliably separate trusted instructions from untrusted data. The risk grows when a model can call tools, browse or access private data, because a successful injection can trigger real actions such as sending messages or exposing records.
No single fix exists, so teams layer defenses: least-privilege tool access, human approval for sensitive actions, separating untrusted content, input and output filtering, and red teaming to test them. Guardrails reduce risk but do not eliminate it.
Ryz security engineers and AI agent developers design permissions and defenses for production agents, working on your team.
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